Code Switching Essay examples - 1518 Words

Anthony Hughes ENG 111: Leigh Gardner Assignment #1, Final Copy 22 Sept 2011 Code Switching: A Daily Habit Code switching is a part of everyone’s daily life. Gloria Anzaldua expressed how she used code switching in her story â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.† Anzaldua grew up in Texas, near the Mexico border, to a Mexican-American family. Her family primarily spoke Spanish, but while at school and in the community, they had to speak English, the accepted language of America (Anzaldua 530). Anzaldua did not want her native language to die, so she wrote â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† to express her feelings, and to show how code switching affected her everyday life. In the story, Anzaldua expressed that depending on who she was talking to,†¦show more content†¦Also, children are afraid of the loss of privileges if they do not use the right â€Å"language† while around their parents. They develop different languages, and learn when and how to use them very well in order to make sure that they are always at an advantage. Anzaldua agrees, as she had about three different forms of Spanish that she would use while around her friends and family, compared to the other types of Spanish or English she would use while out in the real world (530). Gloria Anzaldua learned different types of Spanish, which she would use to speak to different people in her family. Some of these forms of Spanish were slang, and others were more formal and accepted types of Spanish. In order to avoid trouble, kids develop different ways to talk at home and use them to their advantage. When people develop different hobbies, or play different sports, they learn the terminology used in those groups in order to fit in. To begin, while playing sports, members must learn the â€Å"language† of that sport in order to understand what the coach is trying to teach or tell him or her. When a new person joins a new team or club, they do not understand what the people in this group are talking about. These new languages must be learned, and then used only during the ri ght times. If a tennis player uses terms used at tennis at home,Show MoreRelatedThe Benefit of Code Switching14750 Words   |  59 PagesChapter 1 Introduction Code-switching, which may be defined as the alternation between two or more languages in a speaker’s speech, occurs naturally in the scheme of bilingualism. Studies have reported that code-switching often happened subconsciously; ‘people may not be aware that they have switched, or be able to report, following a conversation, which code they used for a particular topic’ (Wardaugh, 1998, p. 103). However, although bilingual speakers claim that code-switching is an unconscious behaviorRead MoreThe Origins Of Code Switching1697 Words   |  7 Pages The origins of code switching go back to the first mention of it in 1948 by Hoijer. He published new terms which are closed in meaning to code switching known as a phonemic alternation and phonemic alteration, but none of these terms refers precisely to code switching. After one year, Fries and Pike’s issued a book named Coexistent Phonemic Systems (1949) which discussed a phenomenon of phonemic alternation between monolingual people. They reached a conclusion says that in any a signed dialectRead MoreThe Ongoing Debate For And Against Code Switching821 Words   |  4 PagesThe ongoing debate for and against Code switching is demonstrated by reviewing the papers of Vershawn Young and Rebecca Wheeler. Mr. Young voices his harsh disapproval of code-switching in his paper, â€Å"Should Writers Use They Own English? (Young 111)†. This is offset by Rebecca Wheeler’s gently persuasive technical paper explaining her implementation of Code-switching which she titl ed, â€Å"Code-Switch to Teach Standard English (Wheeler 108)†. After re-reading both papers several times, trying to moveRead MoreEssay on Code Switching and Modern Language Mixing1448 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Cultures and Languages Blend: Traditional and Modern Instances of Code-Switching and Other Language Mixing One of the most fascinating sociolinguistic phenomena in modern times is code-switching. This act occurs when a speaker or speakers switch from one dialect to another within a single conversation. It is similar to style-shifting, which involves a change in the level of formality between speakers. (Curzan, 266-269) The complexity of social interaction requires language users to adaptRead MoreCode Switching2825 Words   |  12 PagesCode switching is a surviving skill that some bilingual people and students encompass, sometimes to compensate for the lack of vocabulary in a certain language. It is defined as language alteration between two languages, transferring from one language to another in the course of a conversation (Brice, p. 10) In the teaching field code-switching has a great importance because it can be used by teachers or students in story telling to aid interaction, comprehension, and classroom participation, sinceRead MoreCode Switching2649 Words   |  11 PagesCode Swi tching Code Switching, in terms of language, is the use of more than one language, by a person or more, during their conversations with each other. Code Switching is done simply because those persons know more than one language and have more than one language in common. This switch may last for a couple of sentences, for only a single phrase or may be only for a single word. It depends on how the persons take it with themselves and the others. In the article Code Switching it is writtenRead MoreThe Practice of Code Switching706 Words   |  3 Pagesbilingual environment, use of code switching is a common practice. This research aims at finding the attitude of students towards code switching on daily conversation. Nipel (2006) investigates social culture linguistics where students frequently use code switching a lot as not to break a conversation that they are participating in. Therefore, code switching is always used by students who are from the same area and speak the same language. The definition of code switching has been suggested by manyRead MoreFor many people or even societies, the usage of two or more languages in a single conversation is1100 Words   |  5 Pagesnormal. Code switching is referred to the switching from the linguistic system of one language or dialect to that of another. Code switching is a common form that is used by bilinguals. Community members that take part in code switching pass on a shared message by the simple act of code switching. It is particularly common in social and relaxed settings, and also might be used where mechanical difficulties appear within a conversation. Why do bilinguals code switch? And how can code switching be usedRead MoreStereotyping Is A Natural Instinct That Humans1688 Words   |  7 Pagesit suitable and necessary, and call the transition ‘code switching.’ Speakers often use code switching to either align with or distance themselves from different audiences. This type of code switching is comm only found in classrooms where contact between European-Americans and other ethnic groups occurs, where â€Å"more, if not all, of the convergence coming from the minority ethnic group† (Fought 2003). In those classrooms, a Black student may code switch Standard English in a majority White class inRead MoreWhy People Code Switch2449 Words   |  10 PagesWhy do People Code-switch 1 Why do People Code-switch: A Sociolinguistic Approach Why do People Code-switch: A Sociolinguistic Approach Walid M Rihane Arab Open University Why do People Code-switch 2 Abstract This paper sets out at the beginning different definitions and approaches to the linguistic phenomenon - Code-Switching. Through my work, I will highlight five different factors that motivate code-switching in a bilingual speaker although the reasons for code-switching are many

Essay on Did the British Empire Improve Lives in Africa

Did the British Empire improve people’s lives in Africa? I will start off by defining the terms of this essay. ‘Improve’, in this context, means the African people’s lives developing and the standard of living getting better. The British Empire in Africa was vast. It included lands in North Africa, such as Egypt, much of West Africa, and huge territories in Southern and East Africa. British rule had a huge impact on the lives of millions of Africans. Before the British rule in Africa, African people were poor. They did not have proper towns, just little villages. They had no means of transport and no education. They had no or little knowledge about medications. It was merely uncivilized. The Scramble for Africa was the†¦show more content†¦It was the British that developed the Atlantic slave system known as the ‘Triangular Trade’. African and Arab slave traders brought slaves to slave markets on the West African coast. They would then be bought by European slave traders. These slave traders bought goods from Europe which exchanged for the slaves. The slaves were then transported to the Americas on a journey known as the ‘Middle Passage’. Between 1700 and 1807, around 12 million Africans were transported across the Atlantic. Roughly 15% of those transported died on the journey. The conditions on board the slave ships were horrific. Throughout the journey the slaves were chained together by their hands and feet and they were often kept below deck in the dark. In 1788, a slave ship called ‘The Brookes’ was carrying over 600 slaves from Africa to America. This was despite the fact that the ship was designed to carry only 4 51 passengers. However, the impact on slave trade was considerable. Ports such as Liverpool and Glasgow were created from the profits of the slave trade. However, the British were not the only benefiters from this. In Africa, the slave trade led to the creation of powerful West African kingdoms as there was only a small number of Africans that profited from selling slaves to Europeans. In 1807 the slave trade was abolished by the British Parliament as it was under increasing pressure from the abolitionist movement. It became illegal to buy andShow MoreRelatedGandy and the Ahimsa Philosophy Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesnonviolence, according to many religions (Indian) it applies to all living beings including. â€Å"Ahimsa is a comprehensive principle. We are helpless mortals caught in the conflagration of himsa. The saying that life lives on life has a deep meaning in it. Man cannot for a moment live without consciously or unconsciously committing outward himsa. The very fact of his living – eating, drinking and moving about – necessarily involves some himsa, destruction of life, be it ever so minute. A votaryRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesResponse 1: Imperialism Gaining complete dominance within a society can be viewed as a lion taking control over its land. These lions can be regarded as a powerful empire, as they live among other preys fighting for supremacy. In History it has been said that â€Å"A nation that did not expand would not survive† (American Passages, 529). Imperialism is a prime example of a group of prey fighting for sovereignty, within this land we come across the lions, otherwise known as the nations who control theRead MoreImperialism in Africa Essay620 Words   |  3 PagesMelissa B5 Imperialism in Africa In the late 1800’s Europeans took over Africa, took their resources,enslaving the Africans, and changed the course of history. The Europeans took over Africa, which is called The Scramble For Africa, in 1884-1914. The Europeans took over because Africa was rich in raw materials, they wanted power, and they thought their culture was superior. The driving force behind imperialism was need for resources, political competition, and technological advances. One drivingRead MoreThe Greatest Single Cause Of The War Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesalliances which developed.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation on what caused World War One. The first world war between the triple entente and the triple alliance is said to be the first modern war. A previously unseen number of human lives were lost on both sides and because of this when the war ended it came to be known as ‘the war to end all wars’ — as said by the former president of the United States Woodrow Wilson. The interpretation above is correct but only to a certain extentRead MoreAfrican Colonialism And Its Effects On Africa1669 Words   |  7 Pagesinto, this happened to many places including Africa. Colonialism was a time when countries took control of another land, which they then governed through direct or indirect rule depending on the country. During this time, Africa was most sought after due to its resources and its uninhabited land. Due to this, all colonial powers scrambled to get their hands on a piece of Africa in order to expand their areas of rule. As a result of the scramble for Africa the Berlin Conference was held. At this c onferenceRead MoreImperialism and India Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pagesone country is called imperialism. (Esler, page. 632) European imperialism began in the 1800s. â€Å"European nations won empires in the Americas after1492, established colonies in India and Southeast Asia, and gained toeholds on the coast of Africa and China. Despite these gains, between 1500 and 1800, Europe had little influence on the lives of the peoples of China, India or Africa.† (Esler, page.632) Then the Europeans industrialized and believe western cultures were superior to all other. TheyRead MoreConsequences Of Colonization Of Africa1599 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the19th century to the start of the 20th century, Africa was at the mercy of Europe imperialism. Politics and economics led powerful European nations to colonize the continent of Africa. What was later coined as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†, led powerful nations to aggressively take over the continent and exploit its materials, people, and land. The European powers that took control of most of Africa included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The continent was dividedRead MoreDecolonization Of The Country Of Ghana1504 Words   |  7 PagesDenmark, Greece, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Yugoslavia) for if they won the war. One of these contingencies were self determinism. Self determinism is giving the right to the people of a nation to govern over themselves. This promise was mostly kept, but some nations were simply trying to convince their colonies to provide support and resources throughout the war, so the decolonization process was not always as simple and easy as suggested. Africa had been colonized since the late 1800’s, andRead MoreThe Trade Traingle850 Words   |  4 PagesBritain mainly relied on the Trade Triangle. The Trade Triangle enabled English colonies to develop in the variety of crops, growing population and gaining many new resources which benefited them. The trade triangle is known for the trading between Africa , America and Europe . One of the most important parts of the trade triangle is the path of slaves getting transported to America . In the period of the industrial revolution, many Africans were kidnapped and forced to be slaves. It went to the extentRead MoreHow Far Was Concern over National Security the Real Reason for Liberal Reforms Passed Between 1906 and 1914?1468 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerns for Britain’s Empire and the Political motive. The Social reasons played a large part in persuading the Liberals to reform. The detailed reports of Booth and Rowntree, and the evidence which was brought to light, highlighted that nearly a 1/3 of Britain’s population lived in poverty. This needed to be addressed by the Government. In addition, criticisms of the Poor Law effectively put pressure on the Liberals. The Boer War shone light on the ineffective and malnourished British Army. Britain’s

Music Expressionism Free Essays

‘Prettier’ from five orchestral pieces is an atonal (no significant key signature) Expressionist piece of music written by Austrian composer Schoenberg (who is associated with the expressionist movement of the early twentieth century and was the founder of the second Viennese school of music). It was composed in 1909, written for a big orchestra, made up of mainly flutes oboes clarinets and bassoons. Additionally some other brass instruments and percussion play in the piece such as the trumpet, trombone, xylophone, cymbals and bass drum. We will write a custom essay sample on Music : Expressionism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prettier’ can be described as a very intense and restless piece of music with many quick changes in speed, mood and instrumentation. The translation of Prettier into English is ‘ a sudden change in fortune†, which perfectly describes the nature of this piece. One factor which makes ‘Prettier’ a clear example of expressionist music is the instrumentation. In this piece the instruments are often played at the extreme of their registers, heightening the dramatic style which sets the stage for this expressionist piece of music by including extreme contrasts in the dynamics, which an be seen in the score of the piece where Schoenberg marks from ‘up’ to ‘if. Another two factors which portray the genre of this piece are the constantly changing textures and unusual structure; there are many motifs which are changed throughout the piece however there is no concrete main melody. It is made out of complicated melodic fragments which are based on 6 notes from 12 different semitones in a scale, known as hexachord, which are almost in rondo form (abaca.. ) where the same melodic idea returns many times. The ‘a’ theme, which returns more than twice, are each very different to each other and described as ‘almost unrecognizable’. This creates a sensation of unawareness , a feeling of unpredictability and suspense for the listener, we never expect what we will hear next. The idea of using free rondo form is used to bring the same atmosphere, mood and feel of a motif rather than the exact, precise copy of notes. An example of a hexachord in this piece is the recurring hexachord in bar 8 , ( a, b flat, c , c sharp, e , f) laded as a motif and chord by the horns Each different section of the piece varies in length swell as the continuously varying textures and tempos. Schoenberg frequently changes the speed within Prettier. He uses a lot of different note lengths ranging from deem-semiquavers to semibreves. This use of constantly changing tempos, melodies and dynamics heightens the dramatic nature of the piece making it very exciting for the listener! The timbre, pitch and harmonies of this piece are very particular to the style of expressionism. The dissonant harmonies and clashing sounds throughout this piece create discomfort for the listener and are successfully used to convey the desired emotions of the composer, which he was aiming to express through his music. As well as the sudden and extreme changes in dynamics and rhythms in this piece, the textures vary as well. This piece has a contrapuntal texture with moments of polyphonic and homophobic textures too; ranging from a solo flute to the whole orchestra playing which provide possibilities of creating dramatic moments of climax thin the song, once again conveying deep emotions and conflict, fitting perfectly into the expressionistic genre. The melody in Prettier is fragmented and is played by all the instruments at different times throughout the piece, known as ‘agglomeration’s’ (tone-color melody). Additionally the melody is very angular and distinct and often uses repeated notes or short motifs, which enhances the uncomfortable feeling for the listener. Schoenberg plays with the timbre of this piece, with quick, sudden changes between families of instruments such as the brass ND woodwinds; which in result varies the sound of the piece making it more unusual and unpredictable. Prettier perfectly fits into the category of expressionism through the exiting use of changing dynamics, tempos, harmonies, textures, orchestral devices, melodies and rhythms, making this piece exiting and vibrant to listen to every time. Each time it is played new moments are found that were previously unknown to the listener, bringing something new to its audience each time it is heard, whether it be emotional or categorical, thus evidently fitting into the genre of expressionism. How to cite Music : Expressionism, Papers